|
Coffee has been grown in Cuba since the mid-18th century. Boosted by French farmers fleeing the revolution in Haiti, coffee farms expanded from the western plains to the nearby mountain ranges. Coffee production in eastern Cuba significantly increased during the 19th and early 20th centuries. At its peak production, Cuba exported more than of coffee beans per year in the mid 1950s. After the Cuban Revolution and the nationalization of the coffee industry, coffee production slowly began to decline until it reached all time lows during the Great Recession. Once a major Cuban export, it now makes up an insignificant portion of Cuban trade. By the 21st century, 92 percent of the country's coffee was grown in area of the Sierra Maestra mountains. All Cuban coffee is exported by Cubaexport, which pays regulated prices to coffee growers and processors. ==History== José Antonio Gelabert introduced the first coffee plant to Cuba in 1748. By 1791, French colonists, fleeing the abolition of slavery during the Haitian Revolution, introduced better coffee production methods to Cuba.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/s13/cordeiro-m/history.html )〕 Coffee production in eastern Cuba during the 19th and early 20th centuries "resulted in the creation of a unique cultural landscape, illustrating a significant stage in the development of this form of agriculture." As such, UNESCO has listed Santiago and Guantanamo provinces, South-Eastern region, as a World Heritage Site since 2000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba )〕 Prior to the Castro era, Cuba’s coffee industry prospered. In the mid-1950s, Cuba was exporting more than of coffee beans per year. Cuban coffee was sold at premium prices on world markets.〔 Much of that coffee was exported to Europe, particularly the Netherlands and Germany. Following Cuban Revolution in 1959, coffee production in Cuba declined largely because of the dissolution of large farms and a disincentive for small farm production. As a result, Cuban coffee producers began mixing coffee beans with roasted peas.〔 Mixing coffee beans with peas remained a staple in Cuba until pure coffee returned the the Cuban ration books in 2005.〔 Rising Robusta prices led to the return of roasted peas to Cuban coffee in 2011.〔 In 1962, the United States placed an embargo on all goods imported from Cuba,〔 further damaging the Cuban coffee industry.〔 During the embargo, Cuban coffee was not prevalent in the US market.〔 The collapse of the Soviet Union caused a major decline in Cuban coffee production, going from 440,000 60-pound bags of Coffee in the 19891990 production cycle to eventually reaching an all time low of 7000 bags during the 20072008 cycle. The production of Cuban Coffee has since rebounded to between 100,000 to 130,000 bags per year due to government investment in increased coffee production including raising coffee prices and providing better equipment.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coffee production in Cuba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|